{"id":935,"date":"2024-09-11T15:49:14","date_gmt":"2024-09-11T12:49:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/test.meerlog.com\/en\/?p=935"},"modified":"2024-09-11T15:52:38","modified_gmt":"2024-09-11T12:52:38","slug":"cbam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/meerlog.com\/en\/blog\/cbam\/","title":{"rendered":"Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM): Yeni Bir D\u00f6nemin Ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

K\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma ve iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi, d\u00fcnya genelinde h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri daha s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir politikalar geli\u015ftirmeye zorlamaktad\u0131r. Avrupa Birli\u011fi (AB) de bu do\u011frultuda karbon sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak ve iklim hedeflerine ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir ad\u0131m atarak Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM)<\/strong> yani Karbon S\u0131n\u0131r D\u00fczenleme Mekanizmas\u0131<\/strong>n\u0131 uygulamaya koymu\u015ftur. Bu mekanizma, hem karbon ayak izini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmek hem de AB\u2019nin iklim n\u00f6trl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hedefine ula\u015fmak amac\u0131yla d\u0131\u015f ticarette karbon fiyatland\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenlemeyi hedeflemektedir. Peki, CBAM tam olarak nedir, neden bu kadar \u00f6nemli ve i\u015f d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l etkileyecek?<\/p>\n

CBAM Nedir?<\/h3>\n

CBAM, AB\u2019nin karbon emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131 azaltma \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak 2023 y\u0131l\u0131nda kabul edilen bir mekanizmad\u0131r. Bu mekanizma, karbon sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in AB\u2019ye ithal edilen mallar \u00fczerinde bir karbon fiyat\u0131 uygulamay\u0131 ama\u00e7lar. \u00d6zellikle karbon yo\u011fun sekt\u00f6rlerde faaliyet g\u00f6steren \u00fclkelerin, AB\u2019ye ihra\u00e7 ettikleri \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde karbon maliyetlerini yans\u0131tmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi bir sistemdir. Bu d\u00fczenleme, AB d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00fcretilen mallar\u0131n karbon ayak izinin, AB i\u00e7indeki ayn\u0131 malzemelere uygulanan emisyon ticaret sistemi (ETS) ile ayn\u0131 seviyede fiyatland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamay\u0131 ama\u00e7lar.<\/p>\n

CBAM\u2019in Ama\u00e7lar\u0131 Nelerdir?<\/h3>\n

CBAM\u2019in birka\u00e7 ana amac\u0131 vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n

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  1. K\u00fcresel Karbon E\u015fitli\u011fi Sa\u011flama<\/strong>: Avrupa Birli\u011fi, s\u0131n\u0131r \u00f6tesi ticarette karbon maliyetlerinin e\u015fitlenmesini ve karbon ka\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesini hedefler. Karbon ka\u00e7a\u011f\u0131, bir \u00fclkede daha s\u0131k\u0131 karbon d\u00fczenlemeleri oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u00fcreticilerin \u00fcretim faaliyetlerini daha gev\u015fek d\u00fczenlemelere sahip di\u011fer \u00fclkelere kayd\u0131rmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu durum, k\u00fcresel emisyonlar\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesini zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  2. Yerel Sanayiyi Koruma<\/strong>: AB i\u00e7indeki firmalar, karbon sal\u0131n\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 azaltmaya y\u00f6nelik y\u00fcksek maliyetlerle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kal\u0131rken, AB d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki \u00fclkelerde daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck maliyetlerle \u00fcretim yap\u0131lmas\u0131, yerli sanayiyi dezavantajl\u0131 duruma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrebilir. CBAM ile ithal edilen \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin de karbon maliyetine tabii tutulmas\u0131, bu haks\u0131z rekabeti \u00f6nlemeyi ama\u00e7lar.<\/li>\n
  3. Ye\u015fil D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc Destekleme<\/strong>: CBAM, karbon emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131 azaltma bask\u0131s\u0131 yaratarak AB d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki \u00fclkeleri daha ye\u015fil \u00fcretim y\u00f6ntemlerine te\u015fvik etmeyi de ama\u00e7lar. Bu, global anlamda s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirlik hedeflerine ula\u015fmay\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    CBAM\u2019in Kapsam\u0131 ve \u0130\u015fleyi\u015fi<\/h3>\n

    CBAM\u2019in uygulama kapsam\u0131, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 a\u015famas\u0131nda enerji-yo\u011fun sekt\u00f6rlerle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r. Demir-\u00e7elik, al\u00fcminyum, \u00e7imento, g\u00fcbre ve elektrik gibi karbon sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131 y\u00fcksek sekt\u00f6rler, mekanizman\u0131n ana hedeflerindendir. Bu sekt\u00f6rlerde faaliyet g\u00f6steren firmalar, AB\u2019ye yapt\u0131klar\u0131 ihracatlarda \u00fcrettikleri karbon miktar\u0131n\u0131 raporlayacak ve bu miktar \u00fczerinden bir karbon fiyat\u0131 \u00f6deyecektir.<\/p>\n

    Mekanizman\u0131n i\u015fleyi\u015fi \u015fu ad\u0131mlarla \u00f6zetlenebilir:<\/p>\n